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The Law of Thermodynamics (AKA- The Law of Conservation of Energy)
States: "Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. Thus, the total amount of energy in the universe is constant"
*This is supported by Einsteins E=mc2
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Abduction (Alien Abduction)
Referring to a kidnapping by Extraterrestrials, (non-human beings from another planet). Although people's experiences vary quite widely, the following features seem to recur most often:
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Light, often referred to as a beam which draws the person up
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A spacecraft of some kind.
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Humanoid beings, especially small gray ones with large black eyes, who communicate telepathically.
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Medical tests being performed and eggs or sperm removed so that human/alien offspring can be produced.
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Lost periods of time and mysterious small wounds.
Although many descriptions of the experience seem incomplete, the full story often can be recovered through hypnosis.
Abominable Snowman (Yeti)
Also known as the Yeti, the abominable snowman is described as a large primate-like creature reported to live in the Himalayas. Most mainstream scientists and experts consider current evidence of the yeti's existence to be unpersuasive, and the result of hoaxes.
Absent Healing (absentee healing, distance healing, distant healing, remote healing, teleotherapeutics)
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The treatment of a patient not in the practitioner's vicinity through magic, meditation, prayer, spirit doctors, or telepathy.
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A form of faith healing involving the projection of positive healing energy.
Absent Sitter (Proxy Sitting)
PSI term for a person, who is not present at the time of a psychic reading, for whom the reading is given.
Acupuncture
Traditional Chinese medical practice that involves sticking needles into specific locations on the body.
Afterlife
The next stage of progression for a disembodied soul after death.
Agent
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Person who attempts to communicate information to another in an ESP experiment.
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The subject in a psychokinesis experiment.
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Person who is the focus of poltergeist activity.
Akashic Records
"Memories" of all experiences since the beginning of time, believed by some mystical doctrines to be stored permanently in a spiritual substance (Akasha).
Alien Abduction
Reported experiences of being abducted by alien creatures, often into spacecraft. Abductees often experience lost time and suffer loss of memory. When memories are recovered, often using hypnotic regression, abductees may report that surgical operations were performed on them.
Alpha Rhythm
Electrical activity in the brain (about 10 cycles per second) associated with a state of mental relaxation.
Altered State
A term used to refer to any state of consciousness that is different from 'normal' states of waking or sleeping. ASC's include hypnosis, trance, ecstasy, psychedelic and meditative experience. ASC's do not necessarily have paranormal features.
Ancestor Worship
Religious practices involving the veneration of dead ancestors.
Anemometer
Originally invented for meteorological purposes, an anemometer detects and measures wind velocity. Handheld versions of this device now assist paranormal investigators in substantiating claims of spontaneous rushes of air.
Angel
Benevolent spiritual beings who help people in need. Guardian angel.
Animal Magnetism
A term coined by F.A. Mesmer to refer to a putative force or fluid capable of being transmitted from one person to another, producing healing effects.
Animal Mutilation
Refers to cases in which animal corpses (often cattle) have been found with bizarre injuries that do not seem to have a normal explanation in terms of illness, accident or action of predators. Cuts and injuries often appear to have been carried out with surgical precision. Typically the corpse is drained of blood. Certain body parts may be absent (e.g., genitals).
Animal Psi
Paranormal abilities exhibited by animals.
Animal Spirit
The perceivable energies of a once living animal.
Animism
Religious practices based on the belief that all living things and natural objects have their individual spiritual essence or soul.
Announcing Dream
A dream believed to announce an individual's rebirth.
Anomalous Experience
A general term referring to unusual experiences that cannot be explained in terms of current scientific knowledge.
Anomalous Phenomena
Natural phenomena that cannot be explained in terms of current scientific knowledge. See also Fortean phenomena.
Anomaly
Anything abnormal or extraordinary, particularly in contrast to Baseline analysis. This fluctuation does not suggest that something is paranormal, but rather points out an experience, an observation, or an evidence artifact that stands out from its surroundings as unusual. Some of the most commonly reported: shadows; orbs; footsteps; taps and knocks; flashes of light; cold and warm spots; voices and whispers.
Apparition
A paranormal appearance of a deceased person or animal, often experienced in a waking or hypnagogic / hypnopompic state. See also crisis apparition, ghost, haunting.
Apport (Materialization, Teleportation)
A physical object which appears in a way that cannot be explained (seeming to come from nowhere). Apports are often associated with the seance room and physical mediumship. Cf. deport.
Artefact
In parapsychology, false evidence of paranormal phenomena, due to some extraneous normal influence.
Astral Body
A term used by occultists, spiritualists and theosophists to refer to a supposed "double" of the person's physical body. The astral body is believed to be separable from the physical body during astral projection (out of body experience) and at death. See also Ka.
Astral Projection
A term used by occultists, spiritualists and theosophists for the out of body experience. It is believed to result when the astral body separates from the physical body.
Astrology
A theory and practice which attempts to identify the ways in which astronomical events are correlated with events on earth (e.g., with an individual's personality and biography, or with social and political trends).
Atavism
Re-emergence of ancestral characteristics; a genetic throwback.
Augury
Divination.
Aura
A field of energy believed by some to surround living creatures. Certain clairvoyants claim to be able to see the aura (generally as a luminous, colored halo). See also Kirlian photography.
Automatic Writing
The ability to write intelligible messages without conscious control or knowledge of what is being written. See also automatism, dissociation.
Automatism
Physical activities (e.g., arm movements, writing, drawing, musical performance) that occur without the automatist's conscious control or knowledge. Also known as motor automatism. See also automatic writing, dissociation.
Autoscopy
Seeing one's double. Looking back at one's own body from a position outside of the bod
Ba
Ancient Egyptian concept of a person's essence, believed to be be immortal. Cf. Ka. See also Soul.
Banshee
In Gaelic belief, a female entity who heralds a death by groaning and screaming.
Bardo
In Tibetan Buddhism, an intermediate state of existence, usually referring to the state between life and rebirth.
Basic Technique
Term used in card-guessing tests of clairvoyance, in which the top card of the deck is placed to one side after each guess.
Bigfoot
A very large, hairy, humanlike creature purported to inhabit the Pacific Northwest and Canada. Also called Sasquatch.
Billet Reading
Procedure in which a question is secretly written on a piece of paper which is folded or sealed in an envelope, and handed to the psychic who attempts to answer the question. Various trickery can be employed by fraudulent psychics and mentalists.
Bi-location
Being (or appearing to be) in two different places at the same time. See also autoscopy.
Bio-PK
Psychokinetic effects on biological processes.
Biofeedback
A general term for techniques that involve giving a person information about their current physiological state (e.g., heart rate, EEG). Biofeedback is used to enable people to control consciously their physiological processes.
Black Art
Conjuring technique of concealing objects using black covers against a black background. Also used by fraudulent mediums.
Black Magic
Magical spells or rituals practiced with the intention of harming others.
Blind
An experimental control in which subjects are not informed of certain key features of the experiment. Also used to refer to a procedure where a judge is asked to compare targets and responses without knowing which responses were made to which targets. See also double blind.
Blind Matching (BM)
An identical procedure to open matching, except that the key cards are unseen by the subject.
Book Test
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A communication in which the sitter is asked to look at a specific book and page in order to receive a significant message.
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An effect in which the psychic or mentalist divines the words written on a particular page of a book.
Cabinet
A box or curtained enclosure in which a physical medium is secured and from which various phenomena may manifest (e.g., lights, objects moving, instruments played). Certain stage magicians can simulate this procedure with great effect.
Call
Response made by a subject in a card-guessing or other ESP test.
Candomble (Umbanda, Voodoo)
A Brazilian spiritist religion.
Card Guessing
An experimental test for ESP in which subjects guess the identity of a set of cards (e.g., playing cards or Zener cards).
Cartomancy (Tarot)
Fortune telling using cards.
Cerebral Anoxia
Lack of oxygen to the brain, often causing sensory distortions and hallucinations. Sometimes used to explain features of the near-death experience.
Chance
Random, unpredictable influences on events.
Channeling
Receiving messages and inspiration from discarnate entities. See also medium.
Charm
A spell or object possessing magic power.
Christian Science
A religious healing movement founded by Mary Baker Eddy. Rejects orthodox medical practice.
Chupacabra
a purported creature resembling a gargoyle,said to exist in parts of Mexico and on PuertoRico; also called Jersey Devil.
Church Lines
See Ley Lines.
Church Paths
See Ley Lines.
Cipher Test
A coded message left by a person who intends to communicate the cipher after death.
Circle
A group of people who hold seances. See also mediumship.
Clairaudience
The paranormal obtaining of information by hearing sounds or voices. See also clairvoyance, clairsentience.
Clairsentience
An archaic term that refers to the paranormal obtaining of information using faculties other than vision or hearing. Cf. clairaudience, clairvoyance, empathy, intuition.
Clairvoyance
A general term that refers to the paranormal obtaining of information about an object or event. In modern usage, this does not necessarily refer to obtaining information visually.
Clairvoyant (Clairvoyant Medium)
Or clairvoyant. A person who obtains information paranormally (often by spirit communication) without the need to enter into a trance state.
Closed Deck
A set of cards used in a card-guessing test where each card appears a fixed number of times. Statistical analysis of research data using a closed deck differs from statistical analysis of data using an open deck.
Coffin Lines
See Ley Lines.
Coincidence
The occurrence, within a short space of time, of two or more meaningfully related events and without any apparent causal connection between them. Coincidences are sometimes bizarre and extraordinarily improbable. See also synchronicity.
Cold Reading
A reading given with no prior knowledge of the sitter. Often a mixture of very general statements which could apply to anyone, together with inferences made from cues presented by the sitter (e.g., physical appearance, clothes, tone of voice, statements made).
Cold Spot
A well defined area of cold air, not explainable by any natural or mechanical causes. Often thought by Paranormal Investigators to be the result of a spirit drawing the energy from the air as it tries to manifest itself.
Collective Apparition
An apparition seen simultaneously by more than one person.
Collective Unconscious
Concept put forward by C.G. Jung to refer to a level of unconscious thought and experience shared collectively by humans.
Coloration
White noise, or a ringing sound in the ears resulting from a change in frequency response caused by resonance.
Communication
In mediumship, a message purported to be from a discarnate entity.
Communicator
A discarnate entity from whom the medium receives messages. See also drop-in communicator.
Confederate
A person who secretly provides information to a fraudulent psychic or mentalist.
Conjuring
Using trickery to simulate paranormal effects, generally for the purpose of entertainment.
Contact Mind Reading
A technique simulating telepathy, in which the "mind reader" (who generally holds a hand or arm) responds to slight muscle movements produced unconsciously by the person whose mind is apparently being read. Also known as muscle reading, Cumberlandism or Hellstromism.
Control
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In experimental parapsychology a procedure undertaken in order to ensure that the experiment is conducted in a standard fashion and so that results are not unduly influenced by extraneous factors.
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In spiritualism, a discarnate entity who communicates with a trance medium and who generally controls the trance state.
Control Group
A group of people whose performance is compared with that of experimental subjects. Cf. experimental group.
Corn Circle
Elaborate formations or circles found in growing crops, most commonly in Southern Britain. Sometimes they are associated with UFO sightings. Many formations appear to have been intelligently created and to have some symbolic meaning. Despite several "confessions" made by various individuals and groups, the crop circle mystery remains unsolved.
Corpse Ways
See Ley Lines.
Correlation
An association between two or more events or variables.
Correlation Coefficient
A mathematical of the degree of association between two or more measures.
Cosmic Consciousness
A blissful experience in which the person becomes aware of the whole universe as a living being. See also altered state of consciousness, mystical experience.
Coven
A group of witches.
Crisis Apparition
An apparition in which a person is seen within a few hours of an important crisis such as death, accident or sudden illness.
Cross-correspondence
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Separate items of information, received independently by two or more mediums, which make sense only when pieced together.
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The cross-correspondences is a classic case of highly complex cross-correspondences which continued from 1901 to 1932 among a group of automatists associated with the Society for Psychical Research.
Cryptomnesia
Knowledge (acquired in normal ways) that may be revealed without the person remembering its source. Such memories may falsely appear to be paranormal revelations. Sometimes cryptomnesia is used as an explanation for apparently paranormal experiences such as xenoglossy or past-life memories.
Crystal Gazing (Skrying, Divinition)
Staring into a reflecting surface (e.g., mirror, glass, crystal, liquid) in order to obtain paranormal information.
Cumberlandism
See contact mind reading.
Curse (Spell, Hex)
Words spoken or written in order to influence others paranormally, causing them harm.
Daemon (Daimon, Guardian Angel)
A guardian spirit who communicates inspiration and advice.
Death
Generally understood to be the extinction of an organism's life. Many doctrines assert some form of mental or spiritual survival of physical death. See also deathbed experience, haunting, mediumship, near-death experience, reincarnation.
Deathbed Experience (Near-Death Experience)
A dying person's awareness of the presence of dead friends or relatives.
Debunk
To find a logical, non-paranormal explanation for an event original suspected to be paranormal.
Decline Effect
A decrease in performance on a psi test when the test is repeated.
Deja Vu
A person's feeling that current events have been experienced before.
Delta
A term used to refer to any kind of anomalous experience.
Dematerialization
The paranormal fading or disappearance of a physical object.
Demon
Angels cast out of Heaven by God during the rebellion against God which was lead by Lucifer.
Demonic Haunting
A haunting by a non-human Demonic entity. Typically very evil and violent in nature.
Demonic Possession
Possession by evil spirits. See also exorcism.
Demonologist
A person who actively pursues demons and other nonhuman entities as a part of research, or to aid people who are being traumatized by their presence.
Deport (dematerialization, teleportation)
The paranormal movement of objects out of a secure enclosed space.
Dermo-Optics (Skin Vision)
Refers to seeing, not with the eyes, but with the skin, (such as being able to tell the color of a surface by touch alone).
Dice Test
Experimental techniques for investigating psychokinesis, in which a subject attempts to influence the fall of dice.
Direct Voice
A voice heard in a seance which does not seem to emanate from any person. The voice may seem to come out of thin air, or from a trumpet used specifically for this purpose.
Discarnate Entity
A spirit or non-material entity. Often used to refer to the personality of a deceased individual. See also channeling, communication, mediumship, possession, survival.
Disembodied Voice
A human voice that does not originate from a living human being.
Displacement
Responses on a psi test that correspond systematically to targets other than the intended one (e.g., those before or after).
Dissociation
Activity performed outside of normal conscious awareness, or mental processes that suggest the existence of separate centers of consciousness.
Divination
Practices involving the interpretation of signs or symbols that seek to obtain oracular knowledge of events. Examples of divinatory practices are geomancy, tarot, I Ching, sortilege, and reading tea leaves.
Divining Rod
A forked rod (or sometimes a pair of L-shaped rods) used in dowsing.
DMILS (Bio-PK)
"Direct Mental Interaction with Living Systems". Psychokinetic influences on physiological processes.
Doppelganger (Astral Body)
A mirror image or double of a person.
Double (Astral Body)
A duplicate of one's own body.
Double Blind
An experimental procedure in which neither the subject nor experimenter is aware of key features of the experiment.
Down Through Technique (DT)
An experimental test for clairvoyance in which the person guesses the order of a stacked series of target symbols (e.g., cards) from top to bottom.
Dowsing
The paranormal detection of underground water or mineral deposits, (or lost persons and objects) using a divining rod or pendulum.
Dream
Physiological state during sleep where the brain undergoes an alternate conscious state in which events are viewed and played out.
Drop-in Communicator
An uninvited communicator who 'drops in' at a sitting.
Earthquake Effect
A phenomenon produced by the physical medium D.D. Home, involving the room shaking as if there was an earthquake.
Echolalia
A professional clinical word meaning to repeat back what you hear.
Ecstasy
An altered state of consciousness in which the person experiences great rapture and loss of self-control.
Ectoplasm
A semi-fluid substance exuded by a physical medium from which materialization's may form.
EEG (Electroencephalography)
A method of recording variations of electrical activity in the cortex of the brain.
Electronic Voice Phenomena (EVP, Raudive Voices)
Electronic Voice Phenomena. Intelligible voices recorded on magnetic tape under conditions of silence or white noise which are heard only when the tape is played back.
Elemental Spirit
A spirit associated with one of the classical four elements, (fire, earth, air and water).
Elongation
Paranormal extension of the physical body, reported in some mystics and physical mediums.
EMF (Electro Magnetic Field)
Natural or man made electrical field that is produced by all living things and many inanimate objects & machines such as lights, radios, wires, etc. Because entities are composed of energy, Paranormal Investigators routinely look for unnatural fluctuations in the EMF as an indicator that a spirit is nearby and/or trying to manifest itself. People exposed to high EMF levels often experience feelings of anxiety, paranoia, uneasiness, nausea, uncontrollable fear, etc.
Empath
Someone who shows considerable empathy, especially of the apparently psychic type.
Empathy
The ability to understand the experience or emotional state of another person or animal. Often used to refer to an apparently psychic ability to experience another person's sensations, pain or emotions.
Entity
A spirit or non-material entity. Often used to refer to the personality of a deceased individual.
ESP
Short form for Extrasensory Perception.
ESP Cards
Set of 25 cards (5 each of circle, square, Greek cross, five-pointed star, three wavy lines) designed by the perceptual psychologist Karl Zener for use in card-guessing tests of ESP. Also Known as Zener Cards.
Etheric Body
Similar to astral body.
Evil Eye
Alleged ability of some people to harm others by looking at them.
Evocation
The summoning of (often evil) spirits using a magical incantation or ritual.
EVP (Electronic Voice Phenomena)
Intelligible voices recorded on magnetic tape under conditions of silence or white noise which are heard only when the tape is played back.
Exorcism
A religious or quasi-religious rite to drive out evil spirits.
Experiment
A test carried out under controlled conditions.
Experimental Group
A group of subjects who undergo a specific experimental procedure. Often results from this group are compared with those of a control group.
Experimental Parapsychology
Para-psychological research involving experimental methods rather than survey techniques or the investigation of spontaneous cases.
Experimenter
The person who conducts the experiment.
Experimenter Effect
Influence that the experimenter's personality or behavior may have on the results of an experiment.
Extra-dimensional
Originating outside our normal space-time reality.
Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
Paranormal acquisition of information. Includes clairvoyance, telepathy and precognition.
Extraterrestrial
Originating beyond planet Earth. Not normally considered to be extra-dimensional.
Fairy
Small, human-like mythical being.
Faith Healing
Healing that is associated with prayer or belief in Divine power.
False Awakening
An experience in which a person believes he or she has woken up, but actually is still dreaming.
False Positive
A positive reading during a paranormal investigation which can be contributed to a non-paranormal event, (for example: an EMF spike caused by interference from a cell phone).
Faraday Cage
A wire mesh enclosure that provides a shield to radio waves.
Fear Cage
An enclosed area of intense EMF. People inside this area often experience feelings of anxiety, paranoia, uneasiness, nausea, uncontrollable fear, etc.
Feedback
The giving of information to subjects about their performance on a test.
Fire Walking
Walking on red-hot coals, without pain or damage to the feet.
Focal Person
Person who is at the center of poltergeist activity.
Forced-Choice Test
An ESP test in which the subject guesses from a predetermined list of alternative targets.
Fortean Phenomena
Strange phenomena, especially those which challenge conventional scientific knowledge. Named after the American researcher and writer Charles Fort. Fortean phenomena include those generally considered paranormal, but also bizarre non-paranormal events such as monsters and prodigies, extraordinary coincidences, and unusual rains.
Fortune Telling
Various practices which aim to divine future events.
Fraud
The deliberate faking of paranormal phenomena, generally for the purpose of financial gain, psychological manipulation, or notoriety. Faking for the purpose of entertainment (e.g., by stage magicians and mentalists) is not normally classed as fraud.
Free-Response Test
An ESP test in which the subject responds freely (does not choose from a fixed list of targets). For example, the subject may write down or draw their impressions, or may talk freely into a tape recorder. In order to assess the accuracy of the responses, they are compared with various targets (including the actual target) by a judge.
Ganzfeld
A technique for investigating ESP in which the person experiences an absence of patterned stimulation. This generally involves the subject wearing halved table-tennis balls over the eyes while listening to hiss (white noise) through headphones.
Geomancy
A system of divination involving the interpretation of lines or figures.
Ghost
Popular term for an experience believed to indicate the presence of the spirit of a deceased person.
Ghoul
An Arabic demon know to haunt burial grounds.
Gimmick
In conjuring, any small concealed apparatus that is used to produce a magical effect. Also used by fraudulent mediums.
Glossolalia
Unintelligible speech generally uttered in a dissociated or trance state. Also known as speaking in tongues.
Goblin
A malevolent trickster spirit.
Guardian Angel
An angel believed to protect the individual.
Guide (angel, guardian angel, Spirit Guide)
A spirit who is believed to assist a person's spiritual journey.
Half Real Objective
When you perceive nothing subjectively, but obtain objective documentation.
Half Real Subjective
When you subjectively perceive something that was not documented via objective means.
Hallucination
A sensory experience that does not correspond to physical reality.
Haunting
Paranormal phenomena such as apparitions, unexplained sounds, smells or other sensations that are associated over a lengthy period of time with a specific location.
Healer
Someone who claims the power of healing.
Healing
Generally indicates cures that cannot be explained in terms of accepted medical principles.
Hellstromism
See contact mind reading.
Hex
Evil spell or magical curse. Protection from witchcraft.
Hit
A response that accurately matches the target.
Hoax
Deliberately faked evidence of paranormal phenomena for the purpose of gaining notoriety, money or other personal gain.
Hot Reading
A reading given in which prior knowledge of the sitter has been obtained, often using devious or fraudulent means.
Hot Spot
A location where paranormal phenomena is known to occur routinely.
Huna
An Hawaiian religious practice involving clairvoyance, precognition, healing, miracles and magic.
Hyperaesthesia
Exceptionally acute sensory awareness.
Hypnagogic Imagery
Imagery occurring in the hypnopompic state, (occurring while falling asleep).
Hypnopompic Imagery
Imagery occurring in the hypnopompic state (occurring while waking up).
Hypnosis
An ASC involving a heightened degree of suggestibility.
I Ching
Ancient Chinese Book of Changes. It describes 64 hexagrams (patterns of 6 broken and unbroken lines) which are used in a divinatory practice involving the throwing of yarrow stalks or coins.
Illusion
An appearance that leads the person to draw mistaken conclusions.
Imagery
The ability to perceive images in the mind. These may be visual, auditory, tactile, etc.
Immortality
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Various beliefs based on the assumption that some aspect of personal existence survives death.
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Hypothetical physical state in which a living organism contains the ability to inhibit aging or outright injury to sustain itself indefinitely.
Imprint (Imprinting)
Theoretically speaking, extreme events, feelings and emotions can imprint a copy of themselves on places and items, (rooms, houses, tunnels, furniture, dolls, jewelry, etc.). The result of this imprinting would be a residual haunting whereas the phenomena plays itself over and over again, not unlike a movie being played and rewound again and again.
Incline Effect
An increase in performance on a psi test when the test is repeated.
Incorruptibility
Inexplicable lack of decay in a corpse.
Indirect Voice
Mediumistic phenomenon in which the discarnate entity appears to speak using the vocal apparatus of the medium. Often the voice will sound very different from the medium's normal voice.
Instrumental Trans-communication (ITC)
Communication from the dead via a device such as a radio, telephone, television, walkie talkie, computer, etc.
Intuition
The non-paranormal ability to grasp the elements of a situation or to draw conclusions about complex events in ways that go beyond a purely rational or intellectual analysis.
Invocation
Summoning benevolent spiritual beings.
IR (Infrared)
Light from the lower end of the electromagnetic spectrum which is invisible to the naked human eye without the aid of specialized equipment.
IRC (Interactive Response Communication)
Communication with a ghost or spirit through physical interactions such as raps, taps, bangs, etc. For example, we ask a spirit to tap three times to let us know of its presence, and three taps are immediately heard in response.
ITC
See Instrumental Trans-communication.
Judge
Person who compares targets and responses in an psi experiment.
Ka
Hindu and Buddhist ethical doctrine of 'as one sows, so shall one reap'.
Karma
Hindu and Buddhist ethical doctrine of 'as one sows, so shall one reap'.
Key Cards
Reference cards used to indicate each target alternative in a card-guessing test.
Kinetic Energy
Energy needed to force a still object into motion.
Kirlian Photography
A photographic method involving high frequency electric current, discovered by S.D. & V. Kirlian in the Soviet Union. Kirlian photographs often show colored halos or auras surrounding objects.
Kundalini
In Yogic belief, a source of tremendous vital energy that may be stimulated by various practices. Kundalini, or the Serpent Power, is believed to provide energy for paranormal phenomena.
Laying on of Hands
A healing practice, in which the healer's hands are placed on or near the body of the sick person.
Lemure
A ghost who returns to haunt its living relatives.
Levitation
The paranormal raising or suspension of an object or person.
Ley Lines (Corpse Ways, Church Paths, Coffin Lines and Church Lines)
Theoretical lines that connect ancient and modern sites across a country, and even around the world. The term “Key Line” comes from the Saxon word “Ley” which indicates a meadow or cleared strip of ground and was coined by Alfred Watkins in the 1920's. He found that many of the ancient and prehistoric structures could be connected by straight lines, often matching up with star alignments.
Life Review
Flashback memories of the whole of a person's life, often associated with the near-death experience.
Lights Out Investigation
A Paranormal Investigation conducted typically at night and with all the lights sources and electrical devices turned off. This reduces the possibilities of false positives such as reflections, glares, EMF spikes, etc.
Living Ghost
The manifestation of a ghost or entity of a living person. Usually attributed to the one manifesting experiencing astral projection (out-of-body experience) during a moment of great stress or trauma.
Lucid Dreaming
Dreaming in which the person is aware that the experience is a dream. Often associated with feelings of aliveness and freedom, and with the ability to control dream events.
Lucidity
An early term for clairvoyance, or lucid dreaming.
Luminous Phenomena
The experience of strange lights or glows, often around objects or people.
Lycanthropy
The supposed magical transformation of a person into the form of a wolf.
Macro-PK
Psychokinetic effects that can be directly observed rather than only inferred from statistical analysis.
Magic
Practices that aim to use paranormal or spiritual means to influence events. The art of conjuring.
Magician
A person who practices magic.
Majority Vote Technique
An ESP procedure in which several subjects guess a target (or one subject makes several guesses). The most frequent guess is used as the response.
Manifestation (Manifest)
The act of an entity attempting to make itself appear in the natural world.
Mantra
A sacred sound or sacred syllables used in meditation.
Marion Apparitions
Manifestations believed to be of the Virgin Mary.
Matching Tests
Card guessing tests in which the subject uses key cards when making guesses.
Materialization
The formation of a visible and tangible object or human shape during a séance.
Matrixing
See Pareidolia.
Mean Chance Expectation (MCE)
The most likely chance score in a psi test.
Medicine Man
A witchdoctor or shaman.
Meditation
Mental or physical-mental techniques which aim to produce spiritually desirable states of consciousness.
Medium
A person believed to act as an intermediary between the deceased and the living.
Mediumship
Activity of a medium.
Mental Mediumship
The paranormal obtaining of information by a medium.
Mentalism
A branch of conjuring involving the simulation of psi.
Mesmerism
A system of healing developed by F.A. Mesmer, involving the induction of trance states and the supposed transfer of animal magnetism. People in Mesmeric trance often showed paranormal abilities such as clairvoyance.
Metal Bending
Psychokinetic ability to bend metal objects. A phenomenon popularized by Uri Geller.
Metempsychosis
Another term for reincarnation.
Metaphysics
The study of events beyond or outside of man's understanding of classical physics.
Micro-PK
Psychokinetic effects that cannot be directly observed, but only inferred from the statistical analysis of data.
Mind Reading
See telepathy.
Miracle
A beneficial event attributed to supernatural or divine intervention.
Misdirection
Techniques used by conjurers and mentalists to distract a person's attention or confuse their thinking.
Mist (Paranormal Mist)
A cloudy or hazy energy field of any shape or color, comprised of ectoplasm.
Mnemonist
A person who has learned techniques that enable extraordinary feats of memory.
Moment of Mortality
The manifestation of a ghost or spirit that occurs at the exact moment of the persons death, usually appearing to a close friend of family member.
Monitor (Technician)
An entity on the other side that possesses the ability to help other entities make contact with the natural world.
Morphic Resonance
A term coined by Rupert Sheldrake to refer to the way in which the morphogenetic field (underlying form) of an object or organism may influence distant fields.
Multiple Personality
A psychiatric condition in which the person manifests two or more distinct and separate personalities at different times.
Mystic
A person who has mystical experiences. Used loosely to refer to psychics, mediums or romantics.
Mystical Experience
ASC's involving experiences of ecstasy, unity, timelessness, loss of self, divine revelation, etc.
Mysticism
Religious or spiritual doctrines which argue that the human mind or soul can directly experience the divine.
Near-Death Experience (NDE)
Experiences of people after they have been pronounced clinically dead, or been very close to death. Typical features of the NDE are an OBE, life review, a tunnel experience, light, coming to a boundary (marking death), seeing dead friends and relatives, experiencing a loving or divine presence, and making a choice (or being told) to return. Occasionally NDE's can be frightening and distressing. NDE's often have profound effects on the person's later life.
Necromancy
An attempt using black magic to contact the dead in order to gain insight from the spirits.
Necromancer
A person attempting to perform a necromancy.
Newspaper Test
Communication in which the spirit forecasts an item in a future day's newspaper.
Night Shot
A setting on some video cameras that utilizes a built in IR illumination source to increase the recording ability of the camera in total darkness.
Non-Human Spirit (Inhuman Spirit)
An entity (ghost or spirit) that is not the result of a human person that once resided in the natural world. This includes Angels, Demons, Devils, etc. and although encounters with non-human spirits are rare, they are usually dramatic and extra care should be taken whenever they are encountered.
Null hypothesis
The hypothesis that experimental results are due to chance.
Numerology
A system of divination involving the interpretation of numbers.
Occam's Razor
The principle that we should always prefer the simplest explanation of events.
Occultism
Esoteric systems of belief and practice that assume the existence of mysterious forces and entities.
Olfactory
Of or relating to the sense of smell.
Omen
A sign that foretells events.
One-Ahead Principle
In mentalism, a procedure for sequentially revealing information where the revealing of one item gives the mentalist the next answer. Also used by fraudulent clairvoyants.
Open Deck
A series of cards used in a card guessing test where each card is chosen randomly and independently. This enables each target to be selected any number of times. Statistical analysis of research data using an open deck differs from statistical analysis of data using a closed deck.
Open Matching
A card guessing procedure in which key cards are placed face up on the table. The subject then places the unseen target cards in piles in front of each key card, according to their guesses.
Orb (Spirit Orb)
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Unexpected, typically circular artifacts that occur in flash photography — sometimes with trails indicating motion — especially common with modern compact and ultra-compact digital cameras.
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Balls of light that occur when a spirit draws energy from it's surroundings in order to interact with the natural world
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Spirits that manifest themselves as a ball of light
Oracle
An answer to a question, believed to come from the gods.
Orgone Energy
A term used by Wilhelm Reich to refer to a universal life force, associated with sexuality.
Ouija Board (Spirit Board, Talking Board)
A board with letters and numbers on which messages are spelled out by unconsciously moving (with the fingers) a glass or planchette.
Out
In conjuring and mentalism, a convincing explanation for an apparent failure, or a convincing alternative ending to an effect that has not worked as planned. Also used by fraudulent clairvoyants and mediums
Out of Body Experience (OBE)
A fully conscious experience in which the person's center of awareness appears to be outside of the physical body.
Palmistry
The art of assessing a person's character and forecasting life events by examining features of the hand.
Paragnost
A person with Paranormal Knowledge.
Paranormal
Beyond the accepted standard of normal. Inexplicable in terms of our ordinary understanding or current scientific knowledge.
Para-physical
A human body's physical reaction following exposure to paranormal phenomena.
Parapsychology
Term coined by J.B. Rhine to refer to the experimental and quantitative study of paranormal phenomena. Now generally used instead of 'psychical research' to refer to all scientific investigation of the paranormal.
Pareidolia (Matrixing)
The tendency for the human psyche to construct familiar images from vague, coincidental but random patterns. Examples of pareidolia include finding recognizable images in the clouds, faces on the front of cars, or spiritual images such as Jesus in a piece of toast. Click here for some more information about pareidolia and how it effect paranormal research.
Past-Life Memories
Mental images that are believed to be memories of previous lives. See also reincarnation, past-life regression.
Past-Life Regression
A technique of hypnosis involving regressing people to supposed previous lives.
Pendulum
An object suspended by a thread. Movements of a pendulum are often used by dowsers to locate objects or answer questions.
Percipient
Person who receives impressions in an ESP test.
Phantasm
An apparition.
Phenomenology
An approach to research that aims to describe and clarify a person's own experience and understanding of an event or phenomenon.
Phrenology
The reading of character and mental ability from the shape of a person's skull.
Physical Mediumship
The production of paranormal physical phenomena (lights, sounds, materialization, elongation, levitation, etc.) by a medium. Physical mediumship often (but not always) involves a state of trance.
Picture Drawing
A free-response ESP test in which the subject attempts to draw impressions of the target.
Pilot Study
A preliminary study, generally of modest scale.
PK
Anagram for Psychokinesis.
Placebo
An inactive treatment often given to a control group.
Placement Test
A test for PK in which the subject attempts to influence the place in which dice or other objects land.
Planchette
A small platform on casters generally used with a Ouija board. Sometimes used with an attached pencil to produce automatic writing.
Plant Psi
ESP exhibited by plants.
Pocomania
A Jamaican spiritist religion.
Poltergeist
German word meaning noisy ghost or troublesome spirit. Poltergeist activity may include unexplained noises, movements of objects, outbreaks of fire, floods, pricks or scratches to a person's body. Unlike a haunting associated with a specific location, poltergeists typically focus on a person (the focal person or poltergeist agent) who is often a young child or adolescent. Many physical mediums experienced poltergeist activity in their childhood.
Portal
A multidimensional gateway whereas spirits or entities may enter or exit from their world into our via a vortex.
Possession
Refers to cases in which a person's body is apparently taken over by another personality or entity.
Prayer
A sincere attempt to communicate with a spiritual being or power.
Precognition
The paranormal awareness of future events.
Prediction
A statement that claims to foretell future events.
Preexistence
Belief that the personality or soul exists prior to birth.
Preferential Matching
Technique in which a judge ranks a subject's free responses in terms of their similarity to various possible targets.
Premonition
An experience believed to foretell future events.
Presence
A subjective feeling that a person, animal or discarnate entity is present.
Probability
The likelihood that results in a test were due to chance.
Process research
Research that aims to investigate factors affecting psi.
Proof research
Research that aims to demonstrate the existence of PSI.
Prophecy
A prediction, usually resulting from a sense of spiritual revelation. The ability to receive prophetic revelations.
Proxy Sitting
A seance in which another person sits in on behalf of the person receiving a communication.
Pseudo-Random Numbers
Numbers generated by an electronic calculator or computer using a complex mathematical algorithm that simulates a random process. Although the numbers generated are essentially unpredictable, they are not strictly random.
PSI
A term used to encompass all paranormal abilities. Includes both ESP and PK abilities.
Psi-Hitting
Significantly better than chance performance on a psi test.
Psi-Mediated Instrumental Response
Theory put forward by Rex Stanford that psi activity is used to serve an organism's needs.
Psi-Missing
Significantly worse than chance performance on a psi test. Psi-missing is also evidence for psi, because a target can only be missed consistently if the person knows what it is.
Psyche
Generally refers to the mind.
Psychedelic
Literally 'revealing mind'. A class of plants and drugs (e.g., peyote, psilocybin, LSD) that can produce florid altered states of consciousness.
Psychic
A person who exhibits psi ability (also used as an adjective).
Psychic Healing
Forms of healing using psychic powers. See also laying on of hands, psychic surgery.
Psychic Impressions
Insight gained via psychic abilities.
Psychic Photography (Spirit Photography)
General term used to refer to paranormal photographic images.
Psychic Surgery
Actual or simulated surgical procedures carried out by healers.
Psychical Research
Term coined in the late 19th century to refer to the scientific study of the paranormal. Now largely superseded by parapsychology.
Psychokinesis (PK)
The paranormal influence of the mind on physical events and processes.
Psychometry (Object Reading)
Obtaining knowledge about people, places or events paranormally using the physical touch of an object associated with that person, place or event as a focus.
Pyramid Power
Belief that pyramid shapes can produce paranormal effects.
Qualitative Method
A research method involving the collection of non-quantitative data (e.g., observations, interviews, subjective reports, case studies).
Quantitative Method
A research method involving the collection and statistical analysis of numerical data.
Radiesthesia
Theories based on the assumption that living organisms emit some kind of radiation or emanation that is capable of being detected using instruments or by dowsing.
Radionics
Use of instruments to detect radiation from living organisms.
Random
Refers to events that are, in principle, haphazard and unpredictable.
Random Event Generator (REG)
An electronic device which uses a random physical process (e.g., radioactive decay) to generate random events or random numbers.
Raps (Rappings)
The name given to unexplained knocking sounds associated with physical mediumship and poltergeist activity.
Raudive Voices
A phenomenon discovered by Kanstantin Raudive that refer to Intelligible voices recorded on magnetic tape under conditions of silence or white noise, which are heard only when the tape is played.
Reading
Information given by a psychic or medium to a sitter.
Rebirth
In Buddhism, the belief that there is some continuity of mind from one life to the next. Buddhism, however, does not accept the existence of the individual soul and therefore does not view rebirth as the soul's literal re-incarnation.
Recurrent Spontaneous Psychokinesis (RSPK)
A technical term for poltergeist activity.
Regression
Statistical technique that enables predictions to be made from a set of data. Technique used in hypnosis, involving suggesting to hypnotized persons that they are returning to an earlier time. Sometimes the regression occurs spontaneously, without suggestion.
Reincarnation
The belief that some aspect of a person's being (e.g., consciousness, personality, or soul) survives death and can be reborn in a new body at some future date. Reincarnation is often seen as a repeating cycle of death and rebirth in which future lives are influenced by past and present actions through the law of karma.
Remote Viewing (RV)
An ESP procedure in which a percipient attempts to become aware psychically of the experience of an agent who is at a distant, unknown target location.
Residual Haunting
An unintelligent haunting whereas the phenomena plays itself out over and over again, not unlike a movie being played and rewound again and again.
Response
An action made by a subject in an experiment.
Response Bias
Tendency of a subject to prefer particular responses.
Retroactive Psychokinesis
Paranormal influence that an agent can have on an experiment after it has been completed.
Retro-cognition
Paranormal knowledge of past events.
Revenant
A recently departed spirit that briefly returns to make contact with loved ones.
Ritual Magic
Magical activity involving rites and ceremonies.
Run
A set of trials in a psi test.
Santeria
A Cuban spiritist religion.
Sasquatch
A very large, hairy, humanlike creature purported to inhabit the Pacific Northwest and Canada. Also called Bigfoot.
Skeptic
A person inclined to discount the reality of the paranormal and to be critical of para-psychological research. Generally seeks rational or scientific explanations for the phenomena studied by parapsychologists.
Score
Number of hits obtained by a subject in a psi test.
Scoring
The process of determining a subject's score.
Screen Touch Matching
A card-guessing procedure in which the subject and experimenter sit on opposite sides of a screen which has a small gap at the bottom. Key cards are hung on the screen in front of the subject (the faces may be seen or unseen). Underneath each key card is a blank card that can be seen by both subject and experimenter. The experimenter holds the target cards and the subject indicates the guess on each trial by pointing to the corresponding blank card. The experimenter then places the card in a pile on his or her side of the screen in a position corresponding to that of the indicated blank card. See also blind matching, open matching.
Scrying
Staring into a reflecting surface (e.g., mirror, glass, crystal, liquid) in order to obtain paranormal information.
Seance
A metaphysical ritual to make contact with the dead. Seances are performed by a Medium with a gathering of people.
Second Sight
Another name for clairvoyance.
Sender
Another name for agent.
Sensitive
Another name for a psychic.
Sensory deprivation
Conditions of greatly restricted sensory input.
Series
A sequence of runs in a psi experiment.
Shadow People (Shadow Beings, Shadow Entities)
A possible paranormal apparition which presents itself as a dark human-like manifestation.
Shaman
A witchdoctor or medicine man/woman who communicates with spirits while in trance and who has the power of healing
Shape-Shifting
Paranormal ability to assume the form of another person, an animal or other entity.
Sheep-Goat Effect
Effect, discovered by the parapsychologist Gertrude Schmeidler, in which sheep score higher than mean chance expectation (MCE) on psi tests, while goats score lower than MCE.
Siddhis
Name given to paranormal powers associated with the practice of Yoga.
Significance
Results of an experiment are said to be statistically significant when they are very unlikely to be due to chance (and hence, in a psi test, are more likely to be due to psi). The chance probability is reported as the 'significance level'. To be considered significant, the chance probability must generally be less than 1 in 20 (5%, or 0.05).
Simultaneous Dream
A dream whose elements correspond closely with those in the dream of another person.
Sitter
A person who has a session with a medium.
Sitting
A séance.
Sixth Sense
Popular term for ESP.
Skin Vision (Dermo-Optics)
Refers to seeing, not with the eyes, but with the skin, (such as being able to tell the color of a surface by touch alone).
Slate-Writing
Writing that appears on a slate during a seance. Often produced by fraudulent mediums and mentalists.
Sleep Paralysis
An (often frightening) state of seeming to being awake but unable to move.
Smudging
The ancient spiritual cleansing ceremony that utilizes natural herbs and spices to ward off negative spirit energies. During the ceremony, a herb (such as sage), is ignited and placed into a smudging pot. The fire is extinguished and the resulting smoke is ceremoniously distributed around the location and people being cleansed.
Somnambule
Person who performs physical activity while asleep (e.g., sleep-walking). A person in a deep hypnotic state.
Sorcery
Black magic.
Sortilege
Divination by lots.
Soul
The spiritual element of a person, generally believed to be immortal.
Sparkles
Small glowing or flashing dots of light seen with the naked eye or via a camera viewfinder and thought to indicate the presence of spirit energies.
Spectre (specter)
A ghost or apparition.
Spell
Written or spoken words believed to have magical power.
Spirit
A discarnate entity, soul or divine essence.
Spirit Cure
Healing that is believed to result from the intervention of spirits.
Spirit Orb (Orb)
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Unexpected, typically circular artifacts that occur in flash photography — sometimes with trails indicating motion — especially common with modern compact and ultra-compact digital cameras.
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Balls of light that occur when a spirit draws energy from it's surroundings in order to interact with the natural world.
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Spirits that manifest themselves as a ball of light.
Spirit Photography
Photographs of figures or faces, believed by some to be those of deceased persons. These photographs are generally revealed as fraudulent.
Spiritualism (Spiritism)
Religious doctrines that advocate communication between the living and the spirits of the dead using a medium as intermediary.
Spontaneous Cases
Paranormal phenomena that occur in everyday life, unsought and unexpected.
Spontaneous Human Combustion
Refers to cases in which a badly burned human body has been discovered in circumstances suggesting that the fire originated spontaneously in or on the body of the victim.
Spook
Originally a Dutch word that represents a ghost that haunts a particular location.
Stigmata
Unexplained markings on a person's body that correspond to the wounds of Christ.
Subjective Paranormal Experience (SPE)
An experience that the person who has it believes to be paranormal.
Subliminal Perception
Perceiving without conscious awareness.
Super-ESP Hypothesis
The suggestion that people are capable of unlimited ESP. The super-ESP hypothesis is often presented as an alternative to the survival hypothesis in explaining mediumistic phenomena (the medium is believed to obtain information using super-ESP powers and not directly from the spirit of a deceased person).
Supernatural
Paranormal events generally attributed to the will of a deity.
Survey
A method of data collection that involves interviewing (or giving questionnaires to) a representative and often large group of people.
Survival
The belief that some aspect of the person (e.g., consciousness, mind, personality, soul) lives on after death of the body.
Synchronicity
A term used by C.G. Jung to refer to coincidental events that are meaningfully but not causally connected.
Synesthesia
A rare condition in which the real information of one sense is accompanied by a perception in another sense, most commonly the experiencing of colors in association with the letters and numbers the person sees. A person who has this attribute is known as a Synesthete.
Table-Tilting
Mysterious movements of a table, usually occurring in a seance when a group of people place their hands on the surface of the table. Often the movements are interpreted as spirit communications. Also known as table-turning or table-tipping.
Target
The object or event which the subject attempts to perceive (ESP tests) or influence (PK tests).
Tarot
A special deck of cards (usually 78) used in fortune telling.
Technician (Monitor)
An entity on the other side that possesses the ability to help other entities make contact with the natural world.
Telekinesis
The paranormal movement of objects using no physical contact, (for example: either a human or entity using mind or thought control).
Telekinetic
A person with the ability to move objects using only the powers of their mind.
Telepathy
Paranormal awareness of another person's experience (thoughts, feelings, etc.). In practice it is difficult to distinguish between telepathy and clairvoyance.
Teleportation
Paranormal transportation of objects to a distant place. See also apport, deport.
Temporal Lobe Activity
Electrical activity in the temporal lobes of the brain. Often associated with strange sensations, time distortions and hallucinations. Sometimes used as an explanation for seemingly paranormal experiences such as apparitions and alien abduction experiences.
Thanatology
The study of near-death experiences.
Theosophy
Quasi-religious and philosophical system of the Theosophical Society, founded in 1875 by Madame Blavatsky. Its paranormal claims were controversially and damningly reported upon by the Society for Psychical Research in 1885.
Therianthropy
The supposed ability to change from human to animal form and back.
(The Law of) Thermodynamics (AKA- The Law of Conservation of Energy)
States: "Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. Thus, the total amount of energy in the universe is constant"
*This is supported by Einsteins E=mc2
Theurgy
Magical practices which aim to contact and communicate with the gods.
Thoughtography
Paranormal ability to produce images on photographic film (e.g., by concentrating on a mental image). Most famously demonstrated by Ted Serios.
Touched
The act of experiencing physical contact from a ghost, spirit or other paranormal entity.
Trance
A dissociated state of consciousness, generally involving reduced awareness of surroundings and external events.
Trance Medium
A person who enters a state of trance in order to produce mediumistic phenomena.
Transcendental Meditation
A technique of meditation taught by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, involving the repetition of a sound (mantra).
Transpersonal Psychology
The study of experiences, beliefs and practices that suggest that the sense of self can extend beyond our personal or individual reality. The subject matter of transpersonal psychology overlaps to some extent with parapsychology, but the two disciplines tend to have different approaches and emphases. Parapsychology is primarily concerned to investigate evidence for and against the reality of paranormal phenomena. Transpersonal psychology, on the other hand, is more interested in investigating the transpersonal significance of such phenomena (i.e., the ways in which they may give people a sense of connectedness with a larger, more universal or spiritual reality).
Trumpet
A conical tube (often luminous) used in seances to produce direct voice communication.
UFO
Unidentified Flying Object, often assumed to be evidence of extraterrestrial visitations.
Ufology
The study of UFOs.
Ultraviolet (UV)
Light from the upper end of the electromagnetic spectrum. UV light is invisible to the naked eye without the use of specialized equipment.
Umbanda
A Brazilian spiritist religion.
Unidentified Flying Object (UFO)
Unexplained sightings of lights or objects in the sky, often taken to be evidence of extraterrestrial visitations.
Up Through Technique
An experimental test for clairvoyance in which the subject guesses the order of a stacked series of target symbols (e.g., cards) from bottom to top.
Urban Legend
A story that appears mysteriously and spreads spontaneously in various forms; it is usually false; contains elements of humor or horror and is popularly believed to be true.
Vapor Apparition
A white, misty ghost.
Veridical
Information or experience that is confirmed by facts and events
Veridical Dream
A dream that corresponds to real events (past, present or future) that are unknown to the dreamer.
Vision
A religious apparition.
Voodoo
A spiritist and ancestor religion, originating in Africa, and now found predominantly in Haiti, Jamaica and Cuba. Magical rites, trance states and possession all play a major role in Voodoo.
Vortex
A momentary doorway or portal used be Spirits as a way in or out of the natural world.
Warp
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Areas whereas the conventional laws of physics break down and linear time may not apply.
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Areas of paranormal activity so intense that time itself may speed up, slow down or briefly stop all together.
Werewolf
A person that has magically been transformed into a wolf or other dangerous beast.
White Noise
The random, nondescript static sound produced by various electronic devices such as radio and television static when set to an empty channel, the hum of an electric fan, the babbling sound of a stream or brook, rustling of leaves, etc.
Wicca
System of witchcraft, especially as practiced today in western countries.
Witch
A person that practices witchcraft.
Witchcraft
Folk magic.
Witch Doctor
Someone who uses spirit communication and/or herbal remedies to relieve or cure illness.
Wraith
A legendary ghost that brings misfortune or death to any who sees it.
Xenoglossy
The ability to speak or write in a language that has not been learned.
Yeti
See Abominable Snowman.
Yoga
Religious philosophy originating in India. It advocates the use of physical and psycho-spiritual techniques to lead the person to higher consciousness.
Zener Cards (ESP Cards)
Set of 25 cards (5 each of circle, square, Greek cross, five-pointed star, three wavy lines) designed by the perceptual psychologist Karl Zener for use in card-guessing tests of ESP.
Zombie
A corpse that has been partly brought back to (soul-less) life by magic.
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